Have you ever wondered how much time you spend in a lifetime praying, if you perform daily prayer?

Just before that, have a look at how other daily activities stack up, if you live to seventy years of age...

• 24 years sleeping

• 14 years working

• 8 years in amusement

• 6 years at the dinner table

• 5 years in transportation

• 4 years in conversation

• 3 years  in education

• 3 years reading

• 3 years watching television

And if you attended Mass every Sunday and your daily prayers were 5 minutes every morning and every evening, you will be giving Almighty God just 5 months of your life!

Do you have difficulty praying?

Don't know how to pray?

Don't feel like praying?

Watch this video...

Managing Design Complexity

"100% of your design documentation is contained in
the specifications of your information resources."
- Bryce's Law

There are many companies today, most overseas, still tackling major systems projects particularly in the areas of banking and manufacturing. These mammoth application development efforts contrast sharply with American companies who have failed in such undertakings and are now content with chipping away at systems, program-by-program, with the hope that disjointed
software will somehow/someday interface with each other. Whereas foreign competitors talk in terms of enormous systems with hundreds of programs and millions of lines of code; large integrated systems tend to intimidate the most ardent of American developers. But this is not so much a story about competition as it is about understanding design complexity.

People in both the east and the west recognize the design and development of a total system is no small task. A system can consist of many business processes, procedures, programs, inputs, outputs, files, records, data elements, etc. The problem lies in how to best control these information resources and the design decisions associated with them. Two approaches are
typically used: progressively break the problem into smaller, more manageable pieces, or; tackle a minuscule portion of the problem at a time. Whereas the former requires a long term perspective, the latter can show a quick return, which is more appealing to a company with a "fast track" mentality.

Some time ago we conducted a study of customer application development projects. Our research centered on two types of projects: those aimed at building a total system, and; those aimed at building a single program. One obvious conclusion was that the number of information resources used in a major system was considerably more than in a program.

However, the key observation made in the study was that there is a finite number of design decisions associated with each type of information resource. As an example, for an output, decisions have to be made as to its physical media (screen or report), size (number of characters), messages associated with it, etc. For a data element, its logical and physical characteristics must be specified (definition, source, label, size, class, length, etc.). For a program, the language to be used, program logic, required file structures, etc. These design decisions can be simple or complex; regardless, they are all required in order to design a system or a program. When we multiply the number of design decisions by the number of information resources, we get an
idea of the magnitude of a systems design project versus the design of a single program (see Figure 1).

FIGURE 1

NUMBER OF RESOURCES IN AVERAGE SYSTEMS PROJECT: 2,006
NUMBER OF DESIGN DECISIONS TO BE MADE: 49,850

NUMBER OF RESOURCES IN AVERAGE PROGRAM PROJECT: 98
NUMBER OF DESIGN DECISIONS TO BE MADE: 2,070

NOTE: Decisions are design oriented only; they do not include Project Management related decisions (such as those associated with planning, estimating and scheduling).

From this perspective, the average system design project is nearly 25 times larger than the average software design project in terms of complexity. As a footnote, our findings also revealed the "average" system design project is seven times larger than a "complex" software design project.

This discrepancy in system/software complexity provides a clue as to how companies address the problem. Since a software design project is smaller and seemingly more palatable to implement than a total systems project, some companies will focus on software engineering tools and techniques, and
abandon total systems engineering practices. This is one reason why programming tools enjoy popularity today.

Contrast this with the size of Japan's "Best" project to build the
country's next generation of on-line banking systems. This was a major application development effort resulting in 72 "average" systems; a considerably larger project than what is typically addressed in the United States.

MANAGING DECISIONS

There are two aspects to handling decisions: how they are formulated, and how they are controlled.

Trying to make nearly 50,000 design decisions in one step is not only an impossible task, it is a highly impractical way of operating. Just like the design of any product, a system must be designed in gradual phases in such a way as it becomes possible to review and refine the design. In other words, the 50,000 design decisions will be made throughout the life of a development project, not all at once.

It is the responsibility of a systems engineering methodology to define the sequence of events for designing a system. As such, the methodology represents the channel for formulating decisions. Breaking a complex system design down into smaller, more manageable pieces, also provides for:

• Parallel development and delivery of portions of the system
  (concurrent development within a single project).

• An environment conducive for building quality into a product (as opposed to inspecting for quality afterwards).

• The formulation of Project Management related decisions (such as estimating and scheduling the delivery of systems, in part or in full).

This philosophy of design is no different than any other product
design/development effort, such as shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, bridge building, etc. All require a specific methodology that breaks the product down to its sub-assemblies and parts; thereby organizing the specification of parts and the design decisions associated with them.

Managing the decision making process for even the smallest of application development projects can be a huge undertaking. We estimate there are approximately 500 design decisions associated in a small software design project (as compared to more than 125,000 decisions in the typical complex system design project). To record and control these decisions requires
something more sophisticated than just paper and pencil; it requires an automated "Information Resource Manager" (IRM), a software tool capable of inventorying and documenting an enterprise's information resources.

Whether you call it an "IRM", a "Repository", a "Data Dictionary" or whatever, the philosophical heart of the product is based on the age-old concept of "Bill of Materials" whereby resources (also referred to as "components" or "parts") are cataloged and cross-referenced to each other. Consider a parts manifest as included in a major appliance maintenance bookley (or lawn/garden tool), I am sure this type of diagram is familiar to any homeowner who has reviewed product maintenance/warranty booklets.

Every part in the product is identified by number and name (see section to the right in the figure). To the left side in the figure is a schematic showing how each part relates to the other parts and, as such, represents the assembly of the product for maintenance purposes.

The concept of "Bill of Materials" provides the means to inventory resources thus allowing us to share and re-use them. For example, many of the parts shown in Figure 2 are re-used in other lawnmower models offered by the manufacturer. How can we share and re-use resources without such a concept? The answer is simple: we cannot. And this explains why there is considerable redundancy in our information resources and work effort. It also suggests most of our design decisions are maintained "by the seat of our pants." Most college courses involving computing are unfamiliar with the Bill of Materials
concept. Their focus is on programming and file design, and little else.

The concept of "Bill of Materials" has three objectives:

1. To uniquely identify each resource by number and name (as well as by aliases). Names are nice, but numbers offer a more precise way to uniquely identify a resource. Identification is critical. After all, we cannot share and re-use something if we do not know it exists.

2. To record the part's specifications. Thus providing a way to determine if the part can be re-used in another product (thereby promoting the sharing of parts and eliminating redundancy).

3. To record where the part is used in a product(s) (aka "Where-used"). This specifies the relationship of parts to each other and, thereby, their assembly. This is also extremely useful for "impact analysis" whereby we can analyze where the part is used in all of our products, not just one, which is vital for making intelligent decisions about modifying a part. For example, if we change the specifications of a part in one product, this will severely impact other products it is also used in.

By controlling parts in this manner, a product's design is fully
documented.

The "Bill of Material" concept can easily accommodate information resources and offer the same benefits of sharing and re-using components. By doing so, we can easily manage the 50,000 design decisions accompanying a system design project. Our system/software products may be less tangible than an automobile, aircraft or lawnmower, but we can still apply the same concept to their control.

Therefore, an IRM Repository should have the ability to identify, specify, and cross-reference all of the resources mentioned in Figure 1. This can certainly be done manually with paper but this may lead to bureaucratic and access problems for developers. Instead, automation is recommended. There are several such commercial products on the market, but it is also fairly easy to create such software using today's Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) which are now fairly easy to define and
relate resources (they also provide excellent documentation services).

The IRM should be viewed as the hub of all development efforts and provide the means to interface (import/export) with a myriad of other development tools; e.g., CASE, prototyping aids, program generators, etc. Such tools will use the intelligence of the information resources as contained in the IRM to function accordingly. As an example, a program generator should be able to interpret the program and file specifications in order to produce the necessary code. Such development tools should also have the ability to turn around and import resource
specifications back into the IRM. This is particularly useful for
documenting existing systems/software (aka "Reverse Population").

For information on how to create an IRM Repository, please see:

http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/pride/spir.htm

The concept of "Bill of Materials" is an important part of an overall strategy to implement an "Information Factory" environment to design and develop information resources. But this will be the subject of a separate paper.

CONCLUSION

This philosophy to managing design complexity is no different than what is found in the engineering and manufacturing of any product. Engineers break their design projects into smaller stages so that reviews can be performed and revisions implemented. A "bill of materials" processor is used to track
the parts or a product and how they interrelate; which is no different in intent than the IRM tool.

For people imbued in programming, it is difficult to think in terms of "parts" as described herein, but it is a practical solution and can be applied to any development effort, large or small. Standardization and integration of information resources is built by design, not by accident.

Without a formalized methodology for design or an IRM tool to record design decisions, a major system design is incomprehensible; there are just too many variables for the human mind to remember or control using manual techniques. It is not that analysts do not want to take on a major systems
design project, they simply cannot. They lack the organization and proper tools to perform the job effectively. Because of this, they default to the things they know best, programming, and tackle systems in piecemeal.

The difference between east and west here is not one of working harder, but smarter. The Japanese and Europeans are simply better organized and equipped to perform system design than their American counterparts. This can be attributed, in large part, to management's sensitivity to the role systems play in a company. Because of this, they are not afraid to tackle large endeavors, while American companies view such undertakings as seemingly too massive to undertake. As such, they sidestep large projects in favor of smaller projects that may address only a portion of the overall problem. This is resulting in the unsettling situation where our competitors are rapidly becoming the world's systems engineers, while Americans become the world's software engineers.

For more information on our philosophies of Information Resource Management (IRM), please see the "Introduction" section of "PRIDE" at:

http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/pride/intro.htm#irm

About the Author

Tim Bryce is the Managing Director of M. Bryce & Associates (MBA) of Palm Harbor, Florida, a management consulting firm specializing in Information Resource Management (IRM). Mr. Bryce has over 30 years of experience in the field. He is available for training and consulting on an international basis. His corporate web page is at:
http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/

He can be contacted at: timb001@phmainstreet.com

Copyright © 2006 MBA. All rights reserved.

Brain cell looks the same as the Universe

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The Challenge Of Crow Hunting, Equipment, Optics And Techniques

For many of us crow hunting can be as challenging and rewarding as any type of hunting that exists. To constantly fool one of the smartest birds known to man, is harder than it may seem, BUT with this information and techniques you can have a sought after edge. The crow is one of the most intelligent and well sighted birds that exist. Obviously the first thing that you must do in order to hunt this magnificent bird is to locate them. I have found In almost 40 years of crow hunting experience that a quality pair of binoculars to help locate distant crows are a must. For the money, my favorite optics are the Leupold Cascade, camo 8x42mm, which sell for around $300.00 or the Leupold Wind River Mesa, camo 10x50mm which sell for around $220.00. Another pair that I have used for many years is the Nikon Dream Season camo 8x36mm which sell for around $280.00.

All of these work very well for studying their local habits in a given region. By viewing and studying their flight patterns you can best determine an optimal site for your decoy setup. Once this is determined you can use these "flyways" as great ambush sites, as crows relate to given flyways. During early spring when crows are nesting, and living in pairs (not groups) no real flyways exist. As summer approaches and the young leave the nest, the crows start forming groups because there is safety in large numbers. Now is when they can be patterned. As winter approaches larger flocks are formed. At night crows will group together for safety in treetops against their enemies such as the great horned owl. These concentrated areas are referred to as the "roost". Hunting a roost in fall and winter is the best.

Some people know, some don't, that crows are mortal enemies with birds of prey, such as hawks, owls, eagles etc. For this reason a good setup of decoys including an owl or hawk decoy mixed with crow decoys is preferred to fool this bird. I have found that the plastic full sized crow decoys work the best. This type of setup works very well with modern electronic calling devices with remote speakers as well as mouth calls for us more experienced crowers. My favorite calling tapes are Johnny Stewart's "Crow Fighting An Owl", "Fighting Crows", "The Crow Reveille", and finally the "Death Cry of A Crow".

After being inactive all night, crows are hungry and more aggressive in the morning, than later in the day.They are ready to eat and FIGHT. Most often, at first light, they can be lured in closer to a setup, putting them in deadly shotgun range. As the day wears on they can become more cautious and weary meaning they will come to the setup but many times they will stay high in the air and not be fooled into gun range. With mornings always being a great hunt, the crow can also be hunted during all daylight hours. Locate a flock with a good pair of binoculars, then make your move. Concealment is mandatory. From an aerial view the crow will always have the advantage. Full camo, including face mask, hat, gloves and gun camo is best.(Waving a shiny gun barrel around will most often send them on their way with no shots fired.) Once shots are fired, that location and setup are done, move on. Crows are too smart to be fooled again at that location. For diehards like me, relocate to a new area by glassing and finding more birds, make your setup, then get ready for more action.

Preferred setup sites are those that offer thick cover for human concealment without the obstruction of too many over head trees and limbs. I have hunted a roost in my state that numbers over 100,000 crows. Through my homework I know exactly where they roost. With definite known flyways I know exactly where to setup, about 1/2 mile plus away from the roost. My choice for this scenario is the thick undercover where I can normally put a large tree between me and the incoming birds, because they cannot see me til its too late and it hides my movement. A good morning hunt for me in this area means about a 100 crows won't be coming home tonight. Sometimes semi open fields can be great setup sites if they are on a flyway.

I prefer the small popup camo, loose netted hunting blinds. There are times on very, very windy days, crows fly naturally low to the ground, (in gun range) coming to and from the roost. On these occasions no decoys are needed, one should immediately find concealment under these paths and good luck trying to keep you gun full of shells. As one wave comes and goes the next is sure to be right behind. I have had over 1 1/2 hour non stop shoots during these times. This is the exception when you do not have to get up and relocate because they will use their flyway no matter what and the crows that haven't gotten there yet have not heard the previous shots.

For me, my Remmington Model 1100, in semi automatic, is an excellent firearm choice. When the action is hot a simple pull of the trigger beats pump action in my opinion. Of course I know that pumps are the choice of some hunters, and you should use what ever you are most comfortable with. Crows are not the easiest birds to knock out of the sky. 12 gauge has the power for me. Shot number 4 is my preferred BB size as it has the power to break bone at further distances giving me a 40-50+ yard advantage. Full choke works best to keep the pattern tight. A crow coming towards you is easier to down than the ones that are trying to fly away, but, the 4 shot will give you more distance as they try to escape.

The crow can be found globally and there are very high numbers of them in the US. If you have not yet experienced the thrill of a crow hunt yet do yourself a favor as it doesn't require a large investment and it is such a thrilling adventure! If at first you don't succeed, you have probably been spotted by these wise birds, learn from the experience and try again. With a good setup and proper concealment you should be very successful. Always remember to check the laws, regulations, and designated seasons of your state and most of all, HAVE FUN!!! Please include the younger generation with you on your crow hunts to keep this tradition alive.

About the Author

Bob Manack writing as "outdoorcrazy". I have over 40 years in the outdoor arena. I am an avid whitetail deer hunter and I love to fish for walleyes in the wilds of Canada. Crow hunting however is my true passion. My partner Sharon and I have our own website. We are Optics And Outdoor Gear where we offer many great optics as well as many other outdoor related products. Please stop by and visit us sometime, you'll be glad that you did.
http://www.opticsandoutdoorgear.com

Interview Magazine for Apple's ipad

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Hitler's mother was a devoted Catholic, Adolf Hitler was confirmed in the Catholic Church in 1904, and Hitler received Catholic schooling during his childhood in Austria. In 1941, Hitler said "I am now as before a Catholic and will always remain so."

Although the Vatican maintained relations with Germany, there is no evidence that the Vatican supported (or fully knew) Hitler's policies or that the Church even considered Hitler a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

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this is because way back then is the same as now everyone for them self if it don't fit there own needs then they will customize it to work for them only and if they got to pass out a few screw to pull it off then well do.

pope benedict xvi: Help the Poorest Countries

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The Pope’s Visit Reminds Us That There is Still a Lot of Work to Do

The Pope’s visit to New York City last week only reiterated the need for WTC rescue workers to begin receiving their rightful share of the $1 Billion that Congress set aside for them after the attacks of 9/11. pope benedict xvi, after a 6 day visit to the United States, said “We ask you, in your compassion, to bring healing to those who, because of their presence here that day, suffer from injuries and illness. Heal, too, the pain of still-grieving families and all who lost loved ones in this tragedy.” Obviously it was a very emotionally charged moment and, if nothing else, reminded New Yorkers that there are many victims who are still suffering and haven’t been helped by the government. Amazingly still, that same government has squandered millions of dollars of taxpayer money to lawyers and bureaucrats defending the city from lawsuits brought by those injured by the toxins permeating the air after Ground Zero.

The Pope’s visit and call for help for those rescue workers who were injured or disabled was much appreciated. New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly noted that “it means a lot to the first responders, and it means a lot to the city.” It definitely does, but at the Pope’s side as he delivered those words was Mayor Michael Bloomberg who is ultimately responsible for how the WTC Captive Insurance Fund is run. He too has taken the stance that protecting the city’s interests is ultimately more important than protecting those who sacrificed their health, and in some cases lives, for the city as well. It is a perverse paradox and nothing captures it better than the image of the Pope, calling for healing for those who “suffer from illness and injury,” and Bloomberg, whose decision making has led to the very predicament facing the rescue workers today, standing together. Considering how great this injustice has ended up being; we may finally be seeing the tide begin to turn.

As I’ve noted, there is some good being done towards correcting the unforgivable way these heroes have been treated. There are renewed calls for setting up a Victim’s Compensation Fund with the money remaining. Of course this is what should have been done with the $1 Billion initially allocated by Congress in the first place, but at least it might expedite the process for the rescue workers to get the money they are entitled to. The House Judiciary Committee hearings were also a big step in the right direction. After it became apparent that the health of the rescue workers was compromised, everyone in Congress promised to help the rescue workers in the same way that they promised to help the families of the victims who died in the plane crashes and in the World Trade Center. But almost 7 years later when those rescue workers weren’t receiving the money that had been set aside for them, at least Congress held hearings and drew attention to the problem and promised action. Granted, this will take time, but I know I feel better knowing that the federal government is aware of the problem and are trying to take some action while the city’s government worries about protecting itself from a lawsuit.

About the Author

Irv Kaplan provides information about WTC rescue workers and captive insurance fund.To know more how you can help the rescue workers visit www.wtccaptivefund.com

Benedict XVI will publish a document on the bible after Easter

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Blimey!!
Well:
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- say why it is a different school to others
-You'll need to mention why you would be good there, say your good features; you are an enthusiastic learner, motivated, friendly, hardworking...

Good Luck!!

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