Evolution or Intelligent Design
The Time Magazine issue of January 15, 2007 has a debate discussing whether God and Science is compatible with each other. The proponent for Science without a God is Professor Richard Dawkins of Oxford University and the author of The God Delusion. The proponent for the compatibility is Francis Collins, the human genome pioneer.
The argument that the science-only-no-God group have is that since God cannot be measured, hence He doesn't exist. The counter argument from the science-and-God team is that God is outside of time and space, thus no instrument can measure Him.
I believe that the single greatest argument that should put the evolutionary team on notice is the Big Bang theory. This theory states that the universe had a specific starting point and is about 11 billion years old.
The next nail on the coffin of the evolution-only side is their claim that after many billion of years (after the Big Bang), all the chemicals (amino acids) came together and suddenly life appeared (apparently caused by lighting)! Scientific principles always deny something happening spontaneously and yet can accept something as preposterous as life suddenly appearing. Example: rats do not just appear in a warehouse where food is stored - they must have transported themselves there rather than just materializing one day.
Francis Collins states that he doesn't disapprove of evolution. In fact science indicates that all life evolves and according to Collins, why should we not believe that God is involved in the evolutionary journey.
Probably there's a third theory - Intelligent Evolution?
Update 7/12/2007: Read more on what pope benedict has to say about evolution and God here.